Spinal Fusion: What You Need to Know

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure designed to stabilize the spine and reduce pain caused by conditions such as degenerative disc disease, herniated discs, or spinal instability. If you’ve been struggling with chronic back pain and conservative treatments haven’t worked, spinal fusion may be an option. Here’s what you need to know.

What Is Spinal Fusion?

Spinal fusion permanently connects two or more vertebrae in the spine, eliminating movement between them. This is done by placing bone graft material between the affected vertebrae and securing them with screws, rods, or plates. Over time, the bones fuse together, providing stability and reducing pain caused by movement.

Who Needs Spinal Fusion?

You may be a candidate for spinal fusion if you have:

• Degenerative disc disease – When worn-out discs cause chronic pain.
• Spinal instability – Conditions like spondylolisthesis where vertebrae slip out of place.
• Severe arthritis – If joint degeneration leads to persistent pain and instability.
• Spinal deformities – Such as scoliosis or kyphosis that affect posture and mobility.
• Herniated discs – In cases where disc removal requires additional spinal support.

Types of Spinal Fusion

• Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) – Performed through the front of the body.
• Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) – Accessed through the back.
• Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) – A side approach that minimizes disruption to back muscles.
• Cervical fusion – Used for neck-related conditions like herniated discs or spinal stenosis.

Recovery and What to Expect

Recovery varies based on the individual and the type of fusion performed, but here’s a general timeline:

• Hospital stay – 1–3 days, depending on the complexity of the procedure.
• Initial healing – The first few weeks involve limited activity, pain management, and physical therapy.
• Fusion process – It can take 3–6 months for the bones to fully fuse, with improvement continuing for up to a year.
• Long-term outcome – Many patients experience significant pain relief and improved mobility after full recovery.

Is Spinal Fusion Right for You?

Spinal fusion is typically recommended only when other treatments fail. If your pain is limiting your daily activities and imaging confirms a structural issue in your spine, your surgeon may suggest this procedure as a long-term solution.

If you’re considering spinal fusion, a consultation with a spine specialist can help you determine if it’s the right choice for you.

Virginia Spine Specialists is an award-winning, minimally invasive spinal care practice with locations in Fredericksburg, VA and Manassas, VA. We also serve these Northern and Central Virginia locations: Haymarket, Gainesville, Culpepper, Front Royal, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Colonial Beach, Tappahannock and Lake Anna.